Relationship Between Finnish Diabetic Risk Score (FINDRISC) with Health-Related Quality of Life in Yogyakarta

The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia increases every year. Control of the development of T2DM can be done by screening using Finnish Diabetic Risk Score (FINDRISC)-Indonesian. FINDRISC is a valid tool for estimating the risk of T2DM within the next 10 years. This condition can have a major impact on the estimated life span and quality of life in the future. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between FINDRISC-Indonesian and respondent characteristics with HRQoL from EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) in Yogyakarta. We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 125 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The risk of developing T2DM was assessed using a validated and widely used FINDRISC (range 0-26 points), and quality of life was measured by the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Overall data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and Independent ttest. The results showed the domain of pain was the domain that reported most respondents' most problems (28.8%). The respondent's utility value was 0.958 ± 0.69, and the VAS value was 79.4 ± 0.7. There was a significant difference in utility value based on age characteristics (p = 0.013). There is a relationship between age and utility value (p = 0.006) and FINDRISC score with utility value (p = 0.003). This study's conclusion was high FINDRISC affects the quality of life, and older age has a low quality of life.


Abstract
The number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Indonesia increases every year. Control of the development of T2DM can be done by screening using Finnish Diabetic Risk Score (FINDRISC)-Indonesian. FINDRISC is a valid tool for estimating the risk of T2DM within the next 10 years. This condition can have a major impact on the estimated life span and quality of life in the future. The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between FINDRISC-Indonesian and respondent characteristics with HRQoL from EuroQol-5 Dimension-5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) in Yogyakarta. We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 125 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The risk of developing T2DM was assessed using a validated and widely used FINDRISC (range 0-26 points), and quality of life was measured by the EQ-5D-5L instrument. Overall data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test and Independent ttest. The results showed the domain of pain was the domain that reported most respondents' most problems (28.8%). The respondent's utility value was 0.958 ± 0.69, and the VAS value was 79.4 ± 0.7. There was a significant difference in utility value based on age characteristics (p = 0.013). There is a relationship between age and utility value (p = 0.006) and FINDRISC score with utility value (p = 0.003). This study's conclusion was high FINDRISC affects the quality of life, and older age has a low quality of life.
Unhealthy lifestyle habits, such as poor diet and lack of physical activity, are among the leading causes of mortality and disability in the western world 4 . Among DM cases, more than 90% of patients have T2DM, and over 50% of cases are undetected 5 . DM risk score is an easy, less time-consuming, non-invasive, and costeffective approach to assess an individual's risk of undiagnosed T2DM and dysglycaemia 6

Research design and participants
This research is an observational study conducted prospectively with a cross-sectional study design

Research instruments
The instruments used in this study were the Indonesian The questionnaire used to measure respondent's utility is the EQ-5D-5L and the VAS. The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire was a generic instrument with higher scores representing better health status consisting of five dimensions: mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain or discomfort,

Data analysis
Analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 23

Demographic characteristic
Characteristics of respondents in this study including age, gender, education, income, and occupation, while the characteristics of respondents based on FINDRISC consisted of age, BMI, waist circumference, daily physical activity, daily consumption of vegetables/fruit, history use of antihypertensives, history of high blood sugar levels and family history of diabetes. As presented in  The results of measuring diabetes risk scores using FINDRISC showed that 52 (41.6%) respondents had a fairly low score (7)(8)(9)(10)(11). The study sample characteristic was described in relation to FINDRISC categories in

Description of the quality of life
The EQ-5D-5L questionnaire consisted of five domains; mobility, self-care, daily activities, pain/ discomfort, and anxiety/depression. These dimensions have five levels; no problem, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and unable/extreme problems. Table III provides an overview of the percentage distribution of respondents based on each EQ-5D domain level. Based on

The relationship between respondent characteristics and quality of life
The relationship between respondent characteristics and quality of life can be seen in

Relationship between FINDRISC and HRQoL
The main objective of this study is to see the relationship between FINDRISC and HRQoL. Previous research has shown an association between low quality of life (QoL) and an increased risk of T2DM (Väätäinen et al., 2016

CONCLUSION
In this study, we found that age and FINDRISC score had a negative relationship with quality of life, where the higher the age and the FINDRISC score, the lower the quality of the respondents.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank the academic community, cleaning service, and security guards at