Combination of Bawang Dayak Extract and Acarbose against Male White Rat Glucose Levels

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with signs of increased blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is common diabetes in adults. Bawang dayak is one of the plants believed to have the efficacy of curing various types of diseases. The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of hypoglycemic effects between combinations of bawang dayak extract and acarbose with single acarbose. This study was an experimental study using 32 white mice divided into two groups. Group one was given a combination of bawang dayak at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and acarbose at a dose of 40 mg/100 g BW, while group two was given acarbose at a dose of 40 mg/100 g BW. Treatment is administered after the test animal is induced with dexamethasone at a 1 mg/kg BW dose dissolved in NaCl 0.9% subcutaneously for 12 days. Measurement of glucose levels was carried out using a glucometer. Data retrieval was carried out every three days for 15 days after previously fulfilled for +10 hours. Blood glucose level data were analyzed with the General Linear Model test. The combination of bawang dayak-acarbose onion extract had a greater decrease in blood glucose levels than single acarbose. Average reduction in blood glucose levels for D+3; D+6; D+9; D+12; and D+15 was 187.31; 168.56; 140.81; 119.81; and 102.56 mg/dl, respectively. The General Linear Model test results showed a p <0.05 value that significantly impacted blood glucose levels between groups.


INTRODUCTION Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease with signs of increased blood glucose levels. Type 2 diabetes is common diabetes in adults. Bawang dayak is one of the plants believed to have the efficacy of curing various types of diseases. The purpose of this study was to find out the comparison of hypoglycemic effects between combinations of bawang dayak extract and acarbose with single acarbose. This study was an experimental study using 32 white mice divided into two groups. Group one was given a combination of bawang dayak at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and acarbose at a dose of 40 mg/100 g BW, while group two was given acarbose at a dose of 40 mg/100 g BW. Treatment is administered after the test animal is induced with dexamethasone at a 1 mg/kg BW dose dissolved in NaCl 0.9% subcutaneously for 12 days. Measurement of glucose levels was carried out using a glucometer. Data retrieval was carried out every three days for 15 days after previously fulfilled for +10 hours. Blood glucose level data were analyzed with the General Linear Model test. The combination of bawang dayak-acarbose onion extract had a greater decrease in blood glucose levels than single acarbose. Average reduction in blood glucose levels for D+3; D+6; D+9; D+12; and D+15 was 187. 31  Research on the effects of bawang dayak has been widely reported, both related to chemical compound content and various pharmacological activities of bawang dayak, including reducing blood glucose levels. However, previous studies on the effects of bawang dayak only compared the activity between bawang dayak extract and oral diabetes drugs; There has been no research on the effects of bawang dayak extract combined with oral diabetes drugs. One of them is the research results of Febrinda et al. 15 , which showed that 100 mg/kg of bawang dayak extract could maintain the bodyweight of diabetic rats and significantly reduce blood serum glucose levels. The difference between this study and the previous study was in the treatment, where the test animals were given a combination of bawang dayak extract and the oral diabetes drug: acarbose. The choice of acarbose is based on its mechanism of action, which works as α-glucosidase inhibitors so that it is expected to provide a synergistic effect with bawang dayak extract 20 .
The purpose of this study was to compare the hypoglycemic effect between the combination of bawang dayak extract and acarbose with single acarbose.

Materials
The test subject was a white rat, Strain Sprague-Dawley,

Blood glucose level reduction test
All test animals had their blood glucose levels measured to determine their blood glucose levels before treatment.
All test animals were then divided into two groups, each consisting of 16 test animals. Each group was then injected with dexamethasone at a 1 mg/kg BW dose dissolved in 0.9% NaCl subcutaneously 22 . On the 13 th day after giving dexamethasone, blood glucose levels were measured using glucose strips and digital glucometers.
Each group of test animals was then subjected to an antihyperglycemic test. The dose of bawang dayak extract used in this study was 100 mg/kg BW and acarbose 40 mg/100 g BW. The first group was treated with a combination of bawang dayak bulbs and acarbose for 15 days, and the second group was treated with acarbose only for 15 days. Fasting blood glucose measurements of test animals were carried out from the tail blood vessels (lateral veins). Data collection was carried out every three days for 15 days after being fulfilled for +10 hours with measurements using glucose strips and digital glucometers.

Data analysis
For data analysis, the parameter used was a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels. The decrease in fasting blood glucose levels in the control and test groups was analyzed by using the General Linear Model test at a 95% confidence level.    Increased insulin secretion will help lower blood sugar levels 34 .

CONCLUSION
The combination of bawang dayak extract and acarbose can reduce blood glucose levels to a greater extent than single acarbose.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The author would like to thank the Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan ISFI Banjarmasin, especially the Pharmacology Laboratory, for providing research facilities and infrastructure.