Effectiveness of Oxalis corniculata L. Ethanol Extract against Mono-Species of Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus
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Submitted
8 July 2021
Published
30 August 2021
Keywords:
-
Biofilm, Oxalis corniculata, Staphylococcus aureus, Calincing
Abstract
Inappropriate administration of antibiotics can cause resistance to bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the strong biofilm-forming bacteria that cause antibiotic resistance. Calincing (Oxalis corniculata L.) leaves have excellent antibacterial activity, but their antibiofilm activity against S. aureus has not been reported until now. Currently, the discovery of new antibiofilm against S. aureus biofilms is significant to prevent the impact of infections caused by biofilms. This study was intended to determine the effectiveness of the ethanol extract of O. corniculata leaves in inhibiting and eradicating S. aureus biofilm formation. Planktonic testing, inhibition, and biofilm eradication activity were carried out using the microtiter broth method. Antibiofilm activity of O. corniculata leaves against S. aureus biofilm was analyzed by calculating the minimum concentration of biofilm inhibitor (MBIC50) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC50). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) with a 95% confidence level. Oxalis corniculata leaves showed inhibitory activity on the formation of the tested S. aureus biofilm. The ethanol extract of 1% O. corniculata leaves gave 76.23±0.01% antibacterial activity of S. aureus and 71.32±0.01% of mid-phase antibiofilm activity, and 69.33±0.01% maturation phase. The results also prove that the ethanolic extract of O. corniculata leaves can eradicate S. aureus biofilm formation. Therefore, the ethanol extract of O. corniculata leaves can be developed as a new antibiofilm against S. aureus.
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References
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23. Herwin H, Nuryanti S. Skrining Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Herba Belimbing Tanah (Oxalis corniculata L.) secara KLT-Bioautografi dan Difusi Agar. As-Syifaa: Jurnal Farmasi. 2012;4(1):74-81. doi:10.33096/jifa.v4i1.145
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25. Paharik AE, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, regulation, and host response. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(2):0022-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0022-2015
26. Yin W, Wang Y, Liu L, He J. Biofilms: The Microbial “Protective Clothing” in Extreme Environments. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(14):3423. doi:10.3390/ijms20143423
27. Preda VG, Săndulescu O. Communication is the key: biofilms, quorum sensing, formation and prevention. Discoveries. 2019;7(3):e100. doi:10.15190/d.2019.13
28. Hamzah H, Pratiwi SUT, Hertiani T. Efficacy of Thymol and Eugenol Against Polymicrobial Biofilm. Indones J Pharm. 2018;29(4):214-21. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss4pp214
29. Limoli DH, Jones CJ, Wozniak DJ. Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Biofilm Formation and Function. Microbiol Spectr. 2015;3(3):0011-2014. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0011-2014
30. Hamzah H, Hertiani T, Pratiwi SUT, Nuryastuti T. Efek Saponin Terhadap Penghambatan Planktonik dan Mono-Spesies Biofilm Candida albicans ATCC 10231 pada Fase Pertengahan, Pematangan dan Degradasi. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2021;17(2):198-205. doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i2.54444
31. Pratiwi SUT, Hamzah H. Inhibition and Degradation Activity of (Sapindus rarak seeds) ethanol extract against polymicrobial biofilm. Res J Pharm Tech. 2020;13(11):5425-30. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00947.6
2. Becker K, Heilmann C, Peters G. Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2014;27(4):870-926. doi:10.1128/CMR.00109-13
3. Tong SYC, Davis JS, Eichenberger E, Holland TL, Fowler Jr VG. Staphylococcus aureus Infections: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Management. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2015;28(3):603-61. doi:10.1128/CMR.00134-14
4. Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. The impact of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections. Emerg Infect Dis. 2001;7(2):174-7. doi:10.3201/eid0702.010203
5. Aslam B, Wang W, Arshad MI, Khurshid M, Muzammil S, Rasool MH, et al. Antibiotic resistance: a rundown of a global crisis. Infect Drug Resist. 2018;11:1645-58. doi:10.2147/IDR.S173867
6. Chambers HF, DeLeo FR. Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(9):629-41. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2200
7. Garoy EY, Gebreab YB, Achila OO, Tekeste DG, Kesete R, Ghirmay R, et al. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2019;2019:8321834. doi:10.1155/2019/8321834
8. Cong Y, Yang S, Rao X. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: A review of case updating and clinical features. J Adv Res. 2020;21:169-76. doi:10.1016/j.jare.2019.10.005
9. Raut S, Bajracharya K, Adhikari J, Pant SS, Adhikari B. Prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Palpa, Western Nepal. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:187. doi:10.1186/s13104-017-2515-y
10. Bhattacharya M, Wozniak DJ, Stoodley P, Hall-Stoodley L. Prevention and treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2015;13(12):1499-516. doi:10.1586/14787210.2015.1100533
11. Di Martino P. Extracellular polymeric substances, a key element in understanding biofilm phenotype. AIMS Microbiol. 2018;4(2):274-88. doi:10.3934/microbiol.2018.2.274
12. Gebreyohannes G, Nyerere A, Bii C, Sbhatu DB. Challenges of intervention, treatment, and antibiotic resistance of biofilm-forming microorganisms. Heliyon. 2019;5(8):e02192. doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02192
13. Jamal M, Ahmad W, Andleeb S, Jalil F, Imran M, Nawaz MA, et al. Bacterial biofilm and associated infections. J Chin Med Assoc. 2018;81(1):7-11. doi:10.1016/j.jcma.2017.07.012
14. Gupta PD, Birdi TJ. Development of botanicals to combat antibiotic resistance. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017;8(4):266-75. doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2017.05.004
15. Yuan H, Ma Q, Ye L, Piao G. The Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine from Natural Products. Molecules. 2016;21(5):559. doi:10.3390/molecules21050559
16. Hamzah H, Rasdianah N, Nurwijayanto A, Nandini E. Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Calincing terhadap Biofilm Candida Albicans. Jurnal Farmasetis. 2021;10(1):21-28. doi:10.32583/farmasetis.v10i1.1319
17. Winastri NLA, Muliasari H, Hidayati E. Aktivitas Antibakteri Air Perasan Dan Rebusan Daun Calincing (Oxalis corniculata L.) Terhadap Streptococcus mutans. Berita Biologi. 2020;19(2):223-30. doi:10.14203/beritabiologi.v19i2.3786
18. Misharanum M, Almunawwarah SD, Helwati H, Maysarah H, Sadli S. Antimicrobial Activity Jangjingki (Oxalis corniculata L.) Against The Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus, Escherichia Coli, and Candida Albicans. J Pharm Sci. 2021;4(1):1-11. doi:10.36490/journal-jps.com.v4i1.58
19. Wijaya A. Uji Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Herba Calincing (Oxalis corniculata L) Terhadap Escherichia Coli dan Staphylococcus Aureus. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Iqra. 2020;8(1):19-24. doi:10.1234/jiki.v8i1.170
20. Golbarg H, Moghaddam MJM. Antibacterial Potency of Medicinal Plants including Artemisia annua and Oxalis corniculata against Multi-Drug Resistance E. coli. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:9981915. doi:10.1155/2021/9981915
21. Pierce CG, Uppuluri P, Tummala S, Lopez-Ribot JL. A 96 well microtiter plate-based method for monitoring formation and antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida albicans biofilms. J Vis Exp. 2010;21(44):2287. doi:10.3791/2287
22. Pratiwi SUT, Lagendijk EL, Hertiani T, De Weert S, Cornellius AM, van den Hondel JJ. Antimicrobial Effects of Indonesian Medicinal Plants Extracts on Planktonic and Biofilm Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;7(4):183-91.
23. Herwin H, Nuryanti S. Skrining Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Herba Belimbing Tanah (Oxalis corniculata L.) secara KLT-Bioautografi dan Difusi Agar. As-Syifaa: Jurnal Farmasi. 2012;4(1):74-81. doi:10.33096/jifa.v4i1.145
24. Sharma D, Misba L, Khan AU. Antibiotics versus biofilm: an emerging battleground in microbial communities. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control. 2019;8:76. doi:10.1186/s13756-019-0533-3
25. Paharik AE, Horswill AR. The Staphylococcal Biofilm: Adhesins, regulation, and host response. Microbiol Spectr. 2016;4(2):0022-2015. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.VMBF-0022-2015
26. Yin W, Wang Y, Liu L, He J. Biofilms: The Microbial “Protective Clothing” in Extreme Environments. Int J Mol Sci. 2019;20(14):3423. doi:10.3390/ijms20143423
27. Preda VG, Săndulescu O. Communication is the key: biofilms, quorum sensing, formation and prevention. Discoveries. 2019;7(3):e100. doi:10.15190/d.2019.13
28. Hamzah H, Pratiwi SUT, Hertiani T. Efficacy of Thymol and Eugenol Against Polymicrobial Biofilm. Indones J Pharm. 2018;29(4):214-21. doi:10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss4pp214
29. Limoli DH, Jones CJ, Wozniak DJ. Bacterial Extracellular Polysaccharides in Biofilm Formation and Function. Microbiol Spectr. 2015;3(3):0011-2014. doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.MB-0011-2014
30. Hamzah H, Hertiani T, Pratiwi SUT, Nuryastuti T. Efek Saponin Terhadap Penghambatan Planktonik dan Mono-Spesies Biofilm Candida albicans ATCC 10231 pada Fase Pertengahan, Pematangan dan Degradasi. Majalah Farmaseutik. 2021;17(2):198-205. doi:10.22146/farmaseutik.v17i2.54444
31. Pratiwi SUT, Hamzah H. Inhibition and Degradation Activity of (Sapindus rarak seeds) ethanol extract against polymicrobial biofilm. Res J Pharm Tech. 2020;13(11):5425-30. doi:10.5958/0974-360X.2020.00947.6
Authors
1.
Hamzah H, Siregar KAAK, Nurwijayanto A, Wahyuningrum R, Sari S. Effectiveness of Oxalis corniculata L. Ethanol Extract against Mono-Species of Biofilm Staphylococcus aureus. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2021Aug.30 [cited 2024Apr.19];4(3):184-91. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/2418
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