Formula Optimization of Annona muricata Folium Ethanolic Extract of Anti Acne Gel Formulation using Factorial Design Method

Aristha Novyra Putri (1) , Noor Laila (2) , Dyera Forestryana (3)
(1) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari , Indonesia
(2) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari , Indonesia
(3) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Borneo Lestari , Indonesia

Abstract

Acne is a pile of oil glands in the skin that are actively being clogged by dirt and infection because of Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The treatment for acne can use herbal ingredients, one of which is Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves ethanolic extract. Annona muricata folium ethanolic extract is known to have alkaloid, flavonoid and polyphenol compounds which can inhibit the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. Suitable dosage forms for anti-acne preparations are gels because the gel contains much water so that it provides a cooling effect on the skin due to inflammation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of carbopol 940 and Propylene glycol on the physical characteristics of the gel preparation and determine the optimum formula of the gel preparation using factorial design software 22 so that the gel preparation was made in four formulas. The data obtained were then analyzed using Design-Expert® and ANOVA software with a confidence level of 95%, and the determination of the optimum formula based on the optimum superimposed contour plot area. The results of the study using a factorial design approach are known that Propylene glycol has an effect on increasing the spreadability and pH while carbopol 940 has a more significant impact on the increase in adhesion and viscosity, and the optimum area of ​​the composition of carbopol 940 1.536% and propylene glycol 5% was obtained.

Full text article

Generated from XML file

References

Achermann, Y., Goldstein, E.J.C., Coenye, T., Shirtliff, M.E. 2014. Propionibacterium acnes: from Commensal to Opportunistic Biofilm-Associated Implant Pathogen. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 27(3):419-440. https://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00092-13
Afianti, H.P., Murrukmihadi, M. 2015. Pengaruh Variasi Kadar Gelling Agent HPMC terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L. forma citratum Back.). Majalah Farmaseutik. 11(2):307-315. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v11i2.24121
Andini, T., Yusriadi, Yuliet. 2017. Optimasi Pembentuk Film Polivinil Alkohol dan Humektan Propilen Glikol pada Formula Masker Gel Peel off Sari Buah Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy). 3(2):165-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.0.v0.i0.8773
Andriani, Y., Ramli, N.M., Syamsumir, D.F., Kassim, M.N.I., Jaafar, J., Aziz, N.A., Marlina, L., Musa, N.S., Mohamad, H. 2015. Phytochemical analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties of keys and cores part of Pandanus tectorius fruits. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. In Press:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.11.003
Ansel, H. 1989. Pengantar Bentuk Sediaan Farmasi Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.
Astuti, D.P., Husni, P., Hartono, K. 2017. Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Antiseptik Tangan Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Miller). Farmaka. 15(1):176-184. https://doi.org/10.24198/jf.v15i1.13252.g6132
Aulena, D.N., Purba, A.V., Djamil, R. 2016. Formulation and Evaluation of Gel Contains the Combination of Ethanol Extract Basil leaves (Ocimum sanctum L.) and Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata L.) as a Mosquito Repellent. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Research. 7(2):10-18.
Chang, R.K., Raw, A., Lionberger, R., Yu L. 2013. Generic Development of Topical Dermatologic Products: Formulation Development, Process Development, and Testing of Topical Dermatologic Products. The AAPS Journal. 15(1):41-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12248-012-9411-0
Chemat, F., Vian, M.A., Ravi, H.K., Khadhraoui, B., Hilali, S., Perino, S., Tixier, A.S.F. 2019. Review of Alternative Solvents for Green Extraction of Food and Natural Products: Panorama, Principles, Applications and Prospects. Molecules. 24(16):3007. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24163007
Dantas, M.G.B., Reis, S.A.G.B., Damasceno, C.M.D., Rolim, L.A., Rolim-Neto, P.J., Carvalho, F.O., Quintans-Junior, L.J., Almeida, J.R.G.S. 2016. Development and Evaluation of Stability of a Gel Formulation Containing the Monoterpene Borneol. The Scientific World Journal. 2016:7394685. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7394685
Daud, N.S., Akbar, A.J., Nurhikmah, E., Karmilah. 2018. Formulation of Snail Slime (Achatina Fulica) Anti-Acne Emulgel using Tween 80-Span 80 as Emulsifying and HPMC as Gelling Agent. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy. 1(2):64-67. https://doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v1i2.369
Fujiastuti, T., Sugihartini, N. 2015. Sifat Fisik dan Daya Iritasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica L.) dengan Variasi Jenis Gelling Agent. PHARMACY: Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia (Pharmaceutical Journal of Indonesia). 12(1):11-20.
Handayani, H., Sriherfyna, F.H., Yunianta, Y. 2016. Ekstraksi Antioksidan Daun Sirsak Metode Ultrasonic Bath (Kajian Rasio Bahan: Pelarut Dan Lama Ekstraksi). Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri. 4(1):262-272.
Marriott, J.F., Wilson, K.A., Langley, C.A., Belcher, D. 2010. Pharmaceutical Compounding and Dispensing. 2nd Revised edition. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. 1995. Farmakope Indonesia IV. Jakarta: Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
Mulyanti, D., Rismawati, E., Maulana, I.T., Febriani, D., Dewi, Y.N. 2015. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) pada Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. In Prosiding SNaPP: Kesehatan (Kedokteran, Kebidanan, Keperawatan, Farmasi, Psikologi) (325-330). Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung: Pusat Penerbitan Universitas (P2U) Unisba.
Otto, M. 2009. Staphylococcus epidermidis – the “accidental” pathogen. Nature Reviews Microbiology. 7(8):555-567. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2182
Pai, B.H.M., Rajesh, G., Shenoy, R., Rao, A. 2016. Anti-microbial Efficacy of Soursop Leaf Extract (Annona muricata) on Oral Pathogens: An In-vitro Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 10(11):ZC01-ZC04. https://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/18329.8762
Pertiwi, R.D., Kristanto, J., Praptiwi, G.A. 2016. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Formulasi Gel untuk Sariawan Dari Ekstrak Daun Saga (Abrus precatorius Linn.) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung: Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan. 2(2):239-247.
Prausnitz, M.R., Langer R. 2008. Transdermal drug delivery. Nature Biotechnology. 26(11):1261-1268. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.1504
Purnamawati, S., Indrastuti, N., Danarti, R., Saefudin, T. 2017. The Role of Moisturizers in Addressing Various Kinds of Dermatitis: A Review. Clinical Medicine & Research. 15(3-4):75-87. https://dx.doi.org/10.3121/cmr.2017.1363
Rowe, R.C., Sheskey, P.J., Quinn, M.E. 2009. Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients. 6th Edition. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Sayuti, N.A. 2015. Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Gel Ekstrak Daun Ketepeng Cina (Cassia alata L.). Jurnal Kefarmasian Indonesia. 5(2):74-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jki.v5i2.4401.74-82
Yang, J.H., Yoon, J.Y., Kwon, H.H., Min, S., Moon, J., Suh, D.H. 2017. Seeking new acne treatment from natural products, devices and synthetic drug discovery. Dermato-Endocrinology. 9(1):e1356520. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19381980.2017.1356520
Yang, K., Han, Q., Chen, B., Zheng, Y., Zhang, K., Li, Q., Wang, J. 2018. Antimicrobial hydrogels: promising materials for medical application. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 13:2217-2263. https://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S154748

Authors

Aristha Novyra Putri
aristhanovyra@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Noor Laila
Dyera Forestryana
1.
Putri AN, Laila N, Forestryana D. Formula Optimization of Annona muricata Folium Ethanolic Extract of Anti Acne Gel Formulation using Factorial Design Method. Borneo J Pharm [Internet]. 2019Nov.30 [cited 2024Mar.29];2(2):63-70. Available from: https://journal.umpr.ac.id/index.php/bjop/article/view/981

Article Details